glossary

GLOSSARY

1. Health : Most of the time, our bodies function correctly and we feel well. We say that they are in a good state of health or are healthy. To be healthy, not only our bodies must function well, we must also be in a good mental state, and have good relationships with our family and the people around us. Also, a good healthy is determined by a physical, mental and social well-being.



2. Healthy habits : These are good hygiene, adequate rest, regular exercise, correct posture and a healthy diet. All of them improve our health, prevent illnesses and can be summarised in the health star.



Maintaining adequate levels of personal hygiene is very important because it can prevent diseases or illnesses produced by microbes such as bacteria.

3.Microbes : Unicellular species (single-celled living things). Bacteria, protozoans and certain fungi and some algae are microbes. The cell they contain is smaller and simpler than plant or animal cells.



5. Viruses : Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and they are not considered true living things. They reproduce inside of other living things and cause diseases.



3. Healthy diet : A healthy diet must be complete and balanced. The main nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins,water, vitamins and minerals.



4. Health risk: T he factors that influence our health can be physical, mental and social. Some examples are: alcohol, tobacco, drugs and traffic accidents.



5. Illness : Some examples of diseases are: flu or diabetes. Illnesses or diseases can be caused by a microbe, a virus or have other causes like a poison or injuries. ========
 * ====Alzheimer: illness which is characterized by memory loss and usually occurs in people of advanced age. ====
 * ====Sclerosis : hardening of an organ or tissue due to an increase of the connective tissues. ====
 * ====Parkinson: long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor. ====
 * ====Diabetes:is a group of metabolic disorders which affects a person producing high sugar levels on the blood over a prolonged period of time because the pancreas does not produce the insulin properly. ====

**- Types of illnesses and diseases:**

 * 1-they can appear rapidly or slowly and last a long or a little period of time. **


 * 1A-Acute illness : Type of illness that appears rapidly and does not last a long time. For example, flu or diarrhoea.


 * 1B-Chronic illness : Type of illness that can appear slowly and last a long time. Some of them never disappear. For example: allergies or diabetes.
 * 2-Depending on the origin: **

2A-Infectious disease : Infections caused by different agents that affect health and cause illnesses. Some of them are bacterial infections (caused by bacteria), fungal infections (caused by fungi), parasitic infections (caused by protozoans) and viral infections (caused by virus).
 * // Caused by bacteria: tetanus/ tuberculosis //
 * // Caused by viruses: flu/ mononucleosis/ chicken pox //
 * // Caused by protozoans: malaria/ african sleeping sickness //
 * // Caused by fungi: candidiasis/ athlete's foot //

2B-Non infectious diseases: They are not caused by pathogens, sometimes caused by lifestyle factors, environmental toxins, or gene mutations examples: cancer, diabetes, and immune system diseases


 * 3-According to where and how many people the affect: **


 * **Epidemic**: they affect many people. Examples flu/cholera.
 * **Endemic**: They appear in some regions only: examples are Malaria/chicken pox.
 * **Sporadic**: they affect to a few people: examples are fatal insomnia, breast canceru.

6. Prevention : Are those habits that help us to maintain a good health and avoid illnesses.

11. Organ transplants : Is a process by which a damaged organ is replaced with a healthy organ.This is necessary when a disease attacks an organ causing severe damage, so that it´s imposible to cure it.



12. Surgery : Illnesses such as appendicitis or bone fractures cannot be cured with medicine. they must be treated with surgery. in surgical operations, a surgeon works inside the body to cure or mend it.

13. Locomotor system : The locomotor apparatus allows us to move and gives structure to our body.



14. Nervous system :Is the part that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of body.



15. Heimlich maneuver : Is used when someone is choking. If the obstruction is not removed, it can cause death by asphyxiation in minutes.



17. Passive smoking: Occurs when a non- smoker breathes in smoke from someone who is smoking. These person have the same illnesses as smoking.



18. Alcoholism: Ch ronic illness caused by alcohol abuse, which produces serious damage to the liver and the nervous system and can also damage the relationships with family and friends.

19. Antibiotics: Substances that are toxic to bacteria which are very effective in fighting bacterial infections, but not in fighting infections caused by other agents such as viruses or fungi. It is important to use them carefully and under medical prescription, because its overuse can make bacteria resistant to antibiotics.



20. Vaccines : Medicines injected to healthy people to protect them from developing infectious diseases. They contain the agents that cause a certain disease ,in a weak or dead state ,to help the body with the recognition of these agents and fight them.